The Polish Alphabet Structure
You might like the best apps to learn Polish in 2026. The Polish alphabet consists of 32 letters, including 9 unique characters with diacritical marks. Based on the Latin alphabet, it has been adapted to represent Polish sounds accurately. As mentioned in our guide on how to learn Polish quickly, mastering the alphabet is your first step to success.
Basic Letters and Sounds
The Polish alphabet includes standard Latin letters that are pronounced similarly to English. Here are the basic letters:
Important
Unlike English, Polish letters maintain consistent pronunciation rules, making reading easier once you master the basics.
Become bilingual in 30 days with Univext!
Start a lesson with our teacher for free and become bilingual like our 100,000 students!
Special Polish Characters
Polish uses diacritical marks to create unique sounds essential for proper pronunciation:
Join more than 100,000 students learning on Univext
Digraphs in Polish
Polish uses combinations of letters to create specific sounds:
Notes
Digraphs are treated as single sounds in Polish, though they're written as two letters.
Vowel Sounds
Polish vowels are relatively straightforward:
Become bilingual in 30 days with Univext!
Start a lesson with our teacher for free and become bilingual like our 100,000 students!
Common Letter Combinations
Understanding frequent letter combinations helps with pronunciation:
Example
The word (good day) combines several Polish-specific sounds, as you'll learn in our Essential Polish Phrases guide.
Pronunciation Rules
Key rules for Polish pronunciation:
Important
Polish spelling is highly phonetic - once you learn the rules, you can pronounce any word correctly by looking at it.
Join more than 100,000 students learning on Univext
Writing Polish Letters
Tips for writing Polish characters:
Notes
Most word processors and mobile devices now include built-in support for Polish characters.
